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Homophonic translation renders a text in one language into a near-homophonic text in another language, usually with no attempt to preserve the original meaning of the text. In one homophonic translation, for example, English "sat on a wall" is rendered as French "s'étonne aux Halles" (:setɔnoɑl) 'is surprised at the Market'. More generally, homophonic transformation renders a text into a near-homophonic text in the same or another language: ''e.g.'' "recognize speech" becomes "wreck a nice beach". Homophonic translation may be used to render proper nouns in a foreign language. A more elegant solution, when possible, is phono-semantic matching, which attempts to have closer semantics as well as the proper sound. Alternatively, homophonic translation may be used for humorous purpose, as bilingual punning (macaronic language). This requires the listener or reader to understand both the surface, nonsensical translated text, as well as the source text—the surface text then sounds like source text spoken in a foreign accent. == Examples == Frayer Jerker is a homophonic translation of the French Frère Jacques (1956). Other examples of homophonic translation include some works by Oulipo (1960–), Frédéric Dard, Luis van Rooten's English-French ''Mots D'Heures: Gousses, Rames'' (1967), Louis Zukofsky's Latin-English ''Catullus Fragmenta'' (1969), Ormonde de Kay's English-French ''N'Heures Souris Rames'' (1980), John Hulme's German-English ''Morder Guss Reims: The Gustav Leberwurst Manuscript'',〔1981; ISBN 0517545594〕 and David Melnick's Ancient Greek-English Men in Aida (1983). Examples of homophonic transformation include Howard L. Chace's "Ladle Rat Rotten Hut", written in "Anguish Languish" (English Language) and published in book form in 1956. A British schoolboy example of Dog Latin:〔the first line is quoted by Nigel Molesworth in ''Down With Skool'' 1953, by Geoffrey Willans, illustrated by Ronald Searle, p. 41.〕 Other names proposed for this genre include "allographic translation",〔Bernard Dupriez, ''A Dictionary of Literary Devices: Gradus, A-Z'', Toronto 1991. ISBN 0-8020-6803-0. p. 462.〕 "transphonation", or (in French) "''traducson''",〔''cf.'' 〕 but none of these is widely used. Here is van Rooten's version of ''Humpty Dumpty'': Though the individual words are almost all correct French (but 'fallent' is a form of the non-existent verb *'faller'), and some passages follow standard syntax and are interpretable (though nonsensical), the result is in fact not meaningful French. Ghil'ad Zuckermann's "Italo-Hebraic Homophonous Poem"〔''Word Ways'' 36 (2003)〕 is meaningful in both Italian and Hebrew, "although it has a surreal, evocative flavour, and modernist style".〔http://www.zuckermann.org/bilingual.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Homophonic translation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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